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PEOPLE

Language
Rundi, Kirundi and French are the official languages. Swahili is used in business settings.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	8.3 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	8.2 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	8.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	7.9 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	7.6 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	7.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	7.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	6.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	6.7 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
14.8 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
Hutu 86 percent, Tutsi 13 percent, Twa pygmies one percent
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Christianity 67 percent, traditional African religions 32 percent, Islam one percent
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	10.6 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	10.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	10.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	9.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	9.4 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	9.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	8.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	8.6 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1961
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
80 (2007)
Source: UNESCO

Percentage of population under 15

2005	45.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	45.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	46.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	46.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	47.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	47.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
GMT +2

Climate description
Equatorial but with reduced temperature due to altitude. A period from June to September is dry and the rest of the year is wet.

Currency
Franc

Telephone dialling code
(+) 257

Driving (left/right)
Right

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	48.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	44.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	43.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	40.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	40.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	40.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	47.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	43.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	42.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	40.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	39.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	39.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	49.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	44.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	44.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	41.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	41.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	41.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	108 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	109 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	114 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	114 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	114 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	114 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	114 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	114 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	180 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	181 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2004	190 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	25 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	25 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	25 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	25 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	25 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	25 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	1100 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	1000 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	167	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	No data available
2003	169	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	173	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	171	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	171	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2007	39 percent	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006	39 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	45 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	45 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003	45 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	45 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	45 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	45 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	63 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	66 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	67 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	71 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	79 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	79 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	78 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	41 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	36 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	36 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	88 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	59.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	58.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	50.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	49.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	48.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	67.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	66.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	57.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	56.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	56.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	52.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	51.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	43.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	42.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	40.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2008	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	60 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	34 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	26 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	21 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	14 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	9 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	8 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	5 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	6 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	5 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	1 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	1 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	0.8 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	158 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	131 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	130 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	130 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	Not ranked
2003	Not ranked
2002	Not ranked
2001	Not ranked
2000	Not ranked

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	54.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	54.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	58.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002	58.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001	58.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	110 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	100 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	90 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	90 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	90 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	90 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	100 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	120 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	1.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	0.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	0.8 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	0.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	0.6 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	0.6 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	0.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	0.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	5.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	0.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	4.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	-1.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	4.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	2.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	-0.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	9.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	2.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	16.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	8.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	11.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	1.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	5.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	13.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
1.7 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
32.8 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	3 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	3 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	1 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	1 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	2.0 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006	2.2 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005	2.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004	2.6 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003	2.9 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum throughout the year in the whole country. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reported.
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	367 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	377 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	387 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	391 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	387 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	371 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	347 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	321 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	281592	UNHCR
2007	375727	UNHCR
2006	396541	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	438663	UNHCR
2004	485764	UNHCR
2003	531637	UNHCR
2002	574557	UNHCR
2001	553999	UNHCR
2000	568084	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	21093	UNHCR
2007	24468	UNHCR
2006	13176	UNHCR
2005	20681	UNHCR
2004	48808	UNHCR
2003	40971	UNHCR
2002	40533	UNHCR
2001	27896	UNHCR
2000	27136	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

2007	100000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008
2006	100000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2006
2005	117000	IDMC 2006

Landmine casualties per year

2007	Estimated at 8	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006	Estimated at 15	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004	320	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	235	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	6.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	6.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	5.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	5.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004	5.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002	3.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	3.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	3.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	0.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	0.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	0.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	2.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	1.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

PEOPLE

USEFUL INFORMATION

STANDARD OF LIVING

ECONOMY & AID

HEALTH

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Countries

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