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PEOPLE

Language
Russian (official), many local languages
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	140.9 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	143.9 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	143.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	144.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	144.7 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	145.4 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	146.2 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	146.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	147.4 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
116.1 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
Russian 82 percent, Tartar 4 percent, Ukrainian 3 percent. There are over 100 other nationalities, including Bashkirs, Moldovans and Chechens.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion. There are also Muslim, Protestant and Jewish minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	72.8 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	72.9 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	73.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	73.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	73.2 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	73.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	73.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	73.4 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1918
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2007)

Percentage of population under 15

2005	15.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	15.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	16.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	16.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	17.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	18.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
Time zones span from GMT +2 to GMT +12. Standard Time Zone GMT +3, Summer Time GMT +4.

Climate description
Extremely varied. The central region has conditions characteristic of central and eastern Europe, although in more extreme form. Further south, the climate is more temperate and in the northern areas of Russia and in much of Siberia the climate is severe, with Arctic winters and short, hot summers. Only the northern fringe is under the polar ice-cap. The far eastern region combines the extreme temperatures of Siberia with Asiatic monsoon-type conditions, but moderated by the mountain ranges on the Pacific coast.

Currency
Rouble

Telephone dialling code
(+) 7

Driving (left/right)
Right

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	65.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	65.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	65.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	66.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	66.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	66.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	58.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	58.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	59.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	60.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	60.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	60.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	72.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	72.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	72.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	73.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	72.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	72.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	13 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	14 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	14 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	17 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	16 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	18 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	18 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	18 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	15 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	16 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	18 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	21 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	21 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	21 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	21 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	22 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	99 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	99 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	99 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	99 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	No data available percent
1995-2000	No data available percent

Maternal mortality

2005	28 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	67 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	67	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	65	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	62	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	57	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	63	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	60	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2007	3 percent	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006	3 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	3 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	No data available percent
1995-2003	3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	<5 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	3 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	3 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	97 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	97 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	96 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	99 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	87 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	87 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	87 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	No data available percent

Literacy - average

2004	99.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	99.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	99.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	99.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	99.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	99.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	99.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	99.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	99.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	99.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	99.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	99.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	99.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	99.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	99.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2008	311 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	311 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	308 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	280 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	268 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	250 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	244 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	228 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	219 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	1326 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	1151 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	1057 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	838 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	512 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	250 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	121 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	53 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	22 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	211 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	211 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	180 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	152 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	129 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	83 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	41 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	30 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	20 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	147 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	143 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	121 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	126 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	90 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	86 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	71 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	79 (joint)	Transparency International
2000	82 (joint)	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	No data available percent
1990-2004	No data available percent
1990-2002	No data available percent
1990-2001	6.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	7530 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	5800 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	4460 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	3420 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	2590 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	2100 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	1780 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	1710 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	1290.1 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	990.6 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	764.5 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	591.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	431.5 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	345.5 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	306.6 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	259.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	6.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	6.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	7.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	7.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	4.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	5.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	10.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	13.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	15.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	19.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	20.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	13.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	15.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	16.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	37.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.4 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
30.6 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	425 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	425 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	420 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	423 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	1.1 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006	1.1 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005	1.1 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004	1.0 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003	0.9 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
No risk
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	110 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	108 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	106 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	105 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	105 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	108 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	112 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	113 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	103061	UNHCR
2007	92856	UNHCR
2006	159381	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	102965	UNHCR
2004	107903	UNHCR
2003	96417	UNHCR
2002	91626	UNHCR
2001	45156	UNHCR
2000	40310	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	3479	UNHCR
2007	1655	UNHCR
2006	1425	UNHCR
2005	1523	UNHCR
2004	1852	UNHCR
2003	9899	UNHCR
2002	14969	UNHCR
2001	17970	UNHCR
2000	26265	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

2009	82000 - 98000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2009
2008	17907-136550	IDMC 2008
2007	19000 - 159000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008
2006	25268 - 190000	IDMC 2006
2005	265000	IDMC 2006

Landmine casualties per year

2007	52	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006	107	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004	At least 404	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	268	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
No
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	4.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	3.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	4.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	4.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	3.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	4.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	3.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004	3.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002	3.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	3.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	4.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	3.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	3.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	3.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	3.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	3.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

PEOPLE

USEFUL INFORMATION

STANDARD OF LIVING

ECONOMY & AID

HEALTH

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Countries

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