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PEOPLE

Language
The official languages are Swahili and English. Arabic and more than 100 local languages are also spoken.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	43.7 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	39.3 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	39.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	38.5 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	37.5 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	36.6 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	35.6 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	34.7 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	33.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
109.5 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
There are more than 120 ethnic groups of Bantu origin. Nilo-Hamitic groups inhabits the west, and there are also Arab, Shirazi (Persian), Indian, Pakistani and European minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
About 35 percent of the population is Muslim, 35 percent profess traditional African beliefs and 30 percent practise Christianity. Zanzibar is 99 percent Muslim.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	25.0 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	24.6 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	24.2 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	23.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	23.4 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	23.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	22.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	22.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1959
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2007)

Percentage of population under 15

2005	44.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	42.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	43.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	45.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	45.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	45.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
GMT +3

Climate description
Tropical climate, except in the higher moutainous areas, where temperatures are moderated by altitude. Highest rainfall in coastal and mountain regions but rainfall inland is unreliable.

Currency
Shilling

Telephone dialling code
(+) 255

Driving (left/right)
Left

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	51.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	45.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	46.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	43.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	44.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	51.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	50.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	45.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	45.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	42.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	43.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	50.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	52.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	46.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	46.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	44.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	45.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	52.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	73 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	74 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	76 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	78 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	104 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	104 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	104 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	104 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	116 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	118 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	122 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	126 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	165 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	165 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	165 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	165 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	43 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	46 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	36 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	36 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	36 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	36 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	950 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	1500 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	159	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	162	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	164	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	162	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	160	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	151	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2007	22 percent	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006	22 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	22 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	22 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003	29 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	29 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	29 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	29 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	35 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	44 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	44 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	55 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	62 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	73 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	68 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	33 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	47 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	46 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	90 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	69.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	69.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	77.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	76.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	75.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	77.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	77.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	85.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	84.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	83.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	62.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	62.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	69.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	67.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	66.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2008	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	5 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	5 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	5 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	306 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	202 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	144 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	87 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	51 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	53 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	17 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	8 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	13 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	10 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	10 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	10 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	9 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	1 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	102 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	94 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	93 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	88 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	90 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	92 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	71 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	82	Transparency International
2000	76 (joint)	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
No (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	57.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	57.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	19.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002	19.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001	19.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	410 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	370 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	350 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	310 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	290 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	270 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	270 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	260 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	16.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	14.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	14.1 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	11.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	10.3 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	9.8 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	9.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	9.1 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	5.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	6.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	6.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	5.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	7.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	6.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	5.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	6.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	4.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	20.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	8.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	7.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	6.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	7.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	7.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.9 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
26.9 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	2 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	2 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	4 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	4 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	6.2 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006	6.3 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005	6.4 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004	6.5 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003	6.7 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum throughout the year in areas below 1800 metres. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reported.
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	297 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	311 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	325 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	337 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	344 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	352 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	346 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	339 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	1270	UNHCR
2007	1255	UNHCR
2006	1667	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	1544	UNHCR
2004	985	UNHCR
2003	711	UNHCR
2002	580	UNHCR
2001	378	UNHCR
2000	313	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	321909	UNHCR
2007	435630	UNHCR
2006	485295	UNHCR
2005	548824	UNHCR
2004	602088	UNHCR
2003	649770	UNHCR
2002	689373	UNHCR
2001	646900	UNHCR
2000	680862	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

	No data available

No data available

Landmine casualties per year

2004	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997 )
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	1.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	1.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	2.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	1.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	No data available percent
2000	No data available percent

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	No data available percent
2002-2004	No data available percent
1998-2000	2.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	1.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	2.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	2.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	2.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	2.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

PEOPLE

USEFUL INFORMATION

STANDARD OF LIVING

ECONOMY & AID

HEALTH

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Countries

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