Language
Tongan and English are both official languages.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	0.1 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	0.1 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	0.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	0.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	0.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	0.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	0.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	0.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	0.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
0.1 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
Tongans are a Polynesian people, and it is estimated that 20 percent of them now live abroad.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Free Wesleyan 44 percent, Catholic 16 percent, Mormon 12 percent, Free Church of Tonga 11 percent, Church of Tonga 7 percent
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	24.4 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	24.2 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	24.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	23.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	23.6 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	23.4 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	23.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	23.2 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
No data available
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2007)

Percentage of population under 15

2005	37.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	36.3 percent	U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report 2006
2003	36.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	37.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	No data available percent
2000	No data available percent

Time zone
GMT +13

Climate description
Tropical, modified by trade winds. Warm season December to May, cool season May to December.

Currency
Pa'anga

Telephone dialling code
(+) 676

Driving (left/right)
Left

Average life expectancy

2005	72.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	72.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	72.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	68.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	No data available years
2000	No data available years

Life expectancy - male

2005	71.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	71.1 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	71.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	67.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	No data available years
2000	No data available years

Life expectancy - female

2005	73.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	73.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	73.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	69.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	No data available years
2000	No data available years

Infant mortality

2007	19 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	20 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	20 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	20 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	15 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	16 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	17 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	No data available per 1,000 live births

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	23 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	24 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	24 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	25 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	19 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	20 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	No data available per 1,000 live births

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	95 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	95 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	92 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	92 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	92 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	No data available percent

Maternal mortality
No data available per 100,000 live births

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	55	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	55	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	54	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	63	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	No data available
2000	No data available

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
No data available percent

Percentage of undernourished population
No data available percent

Population with access to improved water

2006	100 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	100 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	100 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	100 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	96 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	96 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	97 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	No data available percent

Literacy - average

2004	No data available percent
2003	98.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	98.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	No data available percent
2000	No data available percent

Literacy - male

2004	No data available percent
2003	98.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	98.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	No data available percent
2000	No data available percent

Literacy - female

2004	No data available percent
2003	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	98.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	No data available percent
2000	No data available percent

Landlines telephones

2008	247 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	204 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	180 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	135 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	129 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	119 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	112 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	109 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	98 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	487 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	451 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	293 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	293 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	162 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	112 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	34 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	83 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	84 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	30 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	29 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	29 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	30 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	29 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	28 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	24 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	138 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	175 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	Not ranked
2002	Not ranked
2001	Not ranked
2000	Not ranked

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
No (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	No data available percent
1990-2002	7.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	2480 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	2320 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	1960 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	1850 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	1600 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	1510 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	1530 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	1640 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	0.3 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	0.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	0.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	0.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	0.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	0.1 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	0.1 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	0.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	1.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	2.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	1.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	3.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	3.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	2.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	5.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	6.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	9.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	10.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	5.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	8.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	11.5 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	2.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	1.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
No data available

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
No data available

Physicians

2000-2004	34 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	34 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	35 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	No data available per 100,000 people

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
No data available percent

Malaria
No risk
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	24 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	25 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	25 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	26 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	26 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	27 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	27 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	28 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

Number of refugees originating here

2008	7	UNHCR
2007	5	UNHCR
2006	6	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	4	UNHCR
2004	5	UNHCR
2003	No data available
2002	No data available
2001	No data available
2000	No data available

Number of refugees residing here
No data available

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

No data available

Landmine casualties per year

2004	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
No
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military
No data available percent

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	4.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004	4.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002	4.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	5.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	No data available percent

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	5.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	5.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	5.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	3.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	No data available percent