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PEOPLE

Language
English is the official language. Shona, Zulu and other languages are also spoken.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	12.5 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	13.3 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	13.2 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	13.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	13.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	12.9 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	12.9 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	12.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	12.7 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
22.2 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
Most are of Bantu-speaking Shona or Ndebele origin. Other groups include the Venda, Shangaan, Tsonga and San.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
African traditional religions 55 percent, Christianity 45 percent
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	36.8 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	36.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	35.9 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	35.4 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	35.0 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	34.6 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	34.2 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	33.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1919 1957
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2005)

Percentage of population under 15

2005	39.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003	41.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	43.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	43.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	45.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
GMT +2

Climate description
Warm throughout the year, with rains between November and March. The highland areas are wet and the lowlands dry with slight rainfall.

Currency
Zimbabwe dollar

Telephone dialling code
(+) 263

Driving (left/right)
Left

STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy

2005	40.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	36.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	36.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	33.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	35.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	42.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	41.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	37.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	37.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	34.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	35.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	43.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	40.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	36.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	36.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	33.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	35.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	42.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	59 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	68 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	81 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	79 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	78 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	76 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	76 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	73 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	90 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	105 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	132 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	129 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	126 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	123 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	123 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	117 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	73 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	73 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	73 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	73 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	73 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	72 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	880 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	1100 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	151	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	151	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	145	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	147	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	145	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	128	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2007	17 percent	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006	17 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	17 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	13 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003	13 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	13 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	13 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	13 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	40 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	47 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	45 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	81 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	81 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	83 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	83 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	46 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	53 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	57 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	62 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	No data available percent
2003	90.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	90.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	89.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	88.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	No data available percent
2003	93.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	93.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	93.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	92.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	No data available percent
2003	86.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	86.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	85.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	84.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2008	28 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	28 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	27 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	26 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	25 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	24 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	23 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	20 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	20 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers

2008	133 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	99 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	68 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	52 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	34 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	29 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	27 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	25 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	21 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Internet users

2008	105 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2007	101 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2006	93 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2005	77 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2004	63 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2003	62 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2002	39 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2001	8 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009
2000	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	166 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	150 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	130 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	107 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	114 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	106 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	71 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	65 (joint)	Transparency International
2000	65 (joint)	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
No (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	56.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	56.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	56.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002	36.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001	36.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2007	No data available current US$
2006	No data available current US$
2005	340 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	560 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	760 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	780 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	530 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	450 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	No data available current US$ billions
2006	No data available current US$ billions
2005	3.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	4.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	7.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	21.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	10.3 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	7.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	-5.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	-3.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	-10.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	-4.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	-2.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	-7.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2007	No data available percent
2006	No data available percent
2005	237.9 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	381.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	377.8 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	123.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	76.6 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	56.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
1.8 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
40.3 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

HEALTH

Physicians

2000-2004	16 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	16 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	6 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	14 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	15.3 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006	17.2 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005	19.0 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004	20.9 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003	22.7 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum from November through June in areas below 1200 metres and throughout the year in the Zambezi valley. Negligible risk in Harare and Bulawayo. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reported.
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	782 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	803 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	824 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	834 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	825 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	791 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	740 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	685 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here

2008	16841	UNHCR
2007	14374	UNHCR
2006	12782	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	10793	UNHCR
2004	9568	UNHCR
2003	7162	UNHCR
2002	4030	UNHCR
2001	257	UNHCR
2000	109	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2008	3468	UNHCR
2007	3981	UNHCR
2006	3519	UNHCR
2005	13850	UNHCR
2004	6884	UNHCR
2003	12721	UNHCR
2002	9432	UNHCR
2001	8706	UNHCR
2000	4127	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

2009	570000 - 1000000	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2009
2008	880000 - 960000	IDMC 2008
2007	570000	IDMC 2008
2005	569685	IDMC 2006

Landmine casualties per year

2007	7	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006	11	Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004	4	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	26	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	2.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	No data available percent
2003	2.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	3.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	3.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	4.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	No data available percent
2002-2004	No data available percent
2000-2002	4.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	10.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	10.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	3.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	2.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	4.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	2.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	3.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

PEOPLE

USEFUL INFORMATION

STANDARD OF LIVING

ECONOMY & AID

HEALTH

CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Countries

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