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India religious violence

Last reviewed: 01-09-2008

India
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BASIC FACTS
Small country map
© 2004 Europa Technologies Ltd.

Capital
New Delhi

Language
There are 400 registered languages, of which 18 are officially recognised, including Hindi, Bengali, Tamil and Urdu. There are 16 official regional languages, while English is widely used as a lingua franca.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Area size
2973190 sq. km

Area comparison
Approximately 1.5 times the size of western Europe

Population
2009 1198.0 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007 1161.9 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006 1148.8 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2005 1134.4 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2004 1117.0 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2003 1099.5 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2002 1081.9 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2001 1064.2 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2000 1046.2 million U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
1613.8 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)


PEOPLE

Language
There are 400 registered languages, of which 18 are officially recognised, including Hindi, Bengali, Tamil and Urdu. There are 16 official regional languages, while English is widely used as a lingua franca.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population
2009 1198.0 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007 1161.9 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006 1148.8 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2005 1134.4 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2004 1117.0 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2003 1099.5 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2002 1081.9 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2001 1064.2 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2000 1046.2 million U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
1613.8 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
The population of India is a multitude of racial, cultural and ethnic groups. Most are descendants of the Aryan peoples who developed the Vedic civilisation, while people of Dravidian origin predominate in central and southern India.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Hindu 83 percent, Muslim 11 percent. There are also Sikh, Christian, Buddhist and other minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population
2007 29.2 percent U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006 29.0 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2005 28.7 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2004 28.5 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2003 28.3 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2002 28.1 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2001 27.9 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2000 27.7 percent U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1950
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2007)

Percentage of population under 15
2005 33.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 32.5 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 32.9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 33.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 33.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 33.5 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002


USEFUL INFORMATION

Time zone
GMT +5 1/2

Climate description
Hot, tropical with considerable variations, dominated by the Asiatic monsoon

Currency
Rupee

Telephone dialling code
(+) 91

Driving (left/right)
Left


STANDARD OF LIVING

Average life expectancy
2005 63.7 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 63.6 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 63.3 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 63.9 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 63.3 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 63.3 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male
2005 62.3 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 62.1 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 61.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 63.1 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 62.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 62.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female
2005 65.3 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 65.3 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 65.0 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 64.4 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 64.0 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 63.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality
2007 54 per 1,000 live births U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006 57 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005 56 per 1,000 live births U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004 62 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003 63 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 67 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 67 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 69 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
2007 72 per 1,000 live births U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006 76 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005 74 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004 85 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003 87 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 93 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 93 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 96 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel
1997-2005 43 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004 43 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003 43 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002 43 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001 43 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000 42 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality
2005 450 per 100,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000 540 per 100,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)
2005 128 UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 126 UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 127 UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 127 UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 127 UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 124 UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
2000-2007 46 percent U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006 43 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005 47 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004 47 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003 47 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002 47 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001 47 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000 47 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population
2003-2005 21 percent U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average 20 percent U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average 20 percent FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water
2006 89 percent UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004 86 percent UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002 86 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000 84 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation
2006 28 percent UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004 33 percent UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002 30 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000 28 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average
2004 61.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 61.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 61.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 58.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 57.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male
2004 73.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 73.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 69.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 69.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 68.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female
2004 47.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 47.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 46.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 46.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 45.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones
2008 32 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2007 34 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2006 36 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2005 44 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2004 42 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2003 38 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2002 38 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2001 36 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2000 31 per 1,000 people ITU 2009

Cellular telephone subscribers
2008 294 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2007 201 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2006 145 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2005 80 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2004 47 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2003 31 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2002 12 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2001 6 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2000 3 per 1,000 people ITU 2009

Internet users
2008 69 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2007 69 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2006 68 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2005 38 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2004 32 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2003 17 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2002 16 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2001 7 per 1,000 people ITU 2009
2000 5 per 1,000 people ITU 2009

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)
2008 85 (joint) Transparency International 2008
2007 72 (joint) Transparency International 2007
2006 70 (joint) Transparency International
2005 88 (joint) Transparency International
2004 90 (joint) Transparency International
2003 83 (joint) Transparency International
2002 71 (joint) Transparency International
2001 71 (joint) Transparency International
2000 69 (joint) Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report


ECONOMY & AID

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
1990-2005 34.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004 34.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003 34.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002 34.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001 34.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method
2007 950 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006 820 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005 740 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004 630 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003 530 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002 470 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001 460 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000 450 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP
2007 1176.9 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006 914.9 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005 810.2 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004 700.9 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003 599.5 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002 507.2 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001 477.8 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000 460.2 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth
2006 9.2  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005 9.2  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004 8.3  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003 8.4  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002 3.7  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001 5.2  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000 4.0  percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation
2007 4.9 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006 5.0 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005 4.1 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004 5.6 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003 3.6 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002 3.8 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001 3.0 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000 3.5 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
3.6 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
31.1 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008


HEALTH

Physicians
2000-2004 60 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004 60 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003 51 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002 48 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
2007 0.3 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006 0.4 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005 0.4 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004 0.4 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003 0.4 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum and P.vivax throughout the year in the whole country below 2000m. There is no transmission in parts of the states of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Sikkim. P.falciparum resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine reported.
Source: WHO

TB cases
2007 168 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2006 168 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2005 168 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2004 168 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2003 168 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2002 168 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2001 168 per 100,000 people WHO 2009
2000 168 per 100,000 people WHO 2009


CONFLICT & MIGRATION

Number of refugees originating here
2008 19569 UNHCR
2007 20462 UNHCR
2006 17811 Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005 16275 UNHCR
2004 13345 UNHCR
2003 13706 UNHCR
2002 14349 UNHCR
2001 11571 UNHCR
2000 11399 UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here
2008 184543 UNHCR
2007 161537 UNHCR
2006 158366 UNHCR
2005 139283 UNHCR
2004 162687 UNHCR
2003 164757 UNHCR
2002 168855 UNHCR
2001 169549 UNHCR
2000 170941 UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
2009 At least 500000 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2009
2008 At least 600000 IDMC 2008
2007 At least 600000 IDMC 2008
2005 At least 600000 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2006

Landmine casualties per year
2007 170 Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2006 107 Landmine Monitor Report 2008
2004 At least 295 Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003 At least 270 Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
No
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military
2005 2.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 3.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 2.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 2.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 2.5 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 2.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of GDP spent on education
2002-2005 3.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004 3.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002 4.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001 4.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000 4.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health
2004 0.9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004 1.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002 1.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001 0.9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000 0.9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003


Print full profile


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Last updated:Fri Dec 11 13:49:29 2009