Transdniestria-Moldova dispute
Last reviewed: 13-02-2008
Moldova
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BASIC FACTS
Capital
Chisinau
Language
Moldovan is the official language, with Russian, Romanian, Ukrainian and Gagauz also spoken.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide
Area size
39910 sq. km
Area comparison
Slightly larger than the Netherlands
Population
| 2009 | 3.6 million | U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009) |
| 2007 | 3.8 million | U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006) |
| 2006 | 3.8 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2005 | 3.9 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2004 | 3.9 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2003 | 4.0 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2002 | 4.0 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2001 | 4.1 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2000 | 4.1 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
Future population estimates
2.7 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)
PEOPLE
Language
Moldovan is the official language, with Russian, Romanian, Ukrainian and Gagauz also spoken.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide
Population
Future population estimates
2.7 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)
Ethnic groups
Moldovan 64 percent, Russian 14 percent, Ukrainian 14 percent. There are also smaller Gagauz and Bulgarian minorities.
Source: NI World Guide
Religion
Predominantly Christian Orthodox
Source: NI World Guide
Percentage urban population
Year women granted right to vote
1978
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.
Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
87 (2007)
Source: UNESCO
Percentage of population under 15
Moldovan is the official language, with Russian, Romanian, Ukrainian and Gagauz also spoken.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide
Population
| 2009 | 3.6 million | U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009) |
| 2007 | 3.8 million | U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006) |
| 2006 | 3.8 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2005 | 3.9 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2004 | 3.9 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2003 | 4.0 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2002 | 4.0 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2001 | 4.1 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2000 | 4.1 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
Future population estimates
2.7 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)
Ethnic groups
Moldovan 64 percent, Russian 14 percent, Ukrainian 14 percent. There are also smaller Gagauz and Bulgarian minorities.
Source: NI World Guide
Religion
Predominantly Christian Orthodox
Source: NI World Guide
Percentage urban population
| 2007 | 47.1 percent | U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005 |
| 2006 | 46.9 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2005 | 46.7 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2004 | 46.5 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2003 | 46.4 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2002 | 46.3 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2001 | 46.2 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2000 | 46.1 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
Year women granted right to vote
1978
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.
Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
87 (2007)
Source: UNESCO
Percentage of population under 15
| 2005 | 20.0 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 19.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 20 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 21.2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 22.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 23.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
USEFUL INFORMATION
Time zone
Standard Time GMT +2, Summer Time GMT +3
Climate description
Temperate, warm summers, crisp autumn and cold, snowy winters
Currency
Moldovan lei
Telephone dialling code
(+) 373
Driving (left/right)
Right
Standard Time GMT +2, Summer Time GMT +3
Climate description
Temperate, warm summers, crisp autumn and cold, snowy winters
Currency
Moldovan lei
Telephone dialling code
(+) 373
Driving (left/right)
Right
STANDARD OF LIVING
Average life expectancy
Life expectancy - male
Life expectancy - female
Infant mortality
Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
Births attended by skilled personnel
Maternal mortality
Human development index (HDI rank)
Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
Percentage of undernourished population
Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.
Population with access to improved water
Population with access to improved sanitation
Literacy - average
Literacy - male
Literacy - female
Landlines telephones
Cellular telephone subscribers
Internet users
Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)
Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
| 2005 | 68.4 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 68.1 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 67.7 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 68.8 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 68.5 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 66.6 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Life expectancy - male
| 2005 | 64.7 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 64.4 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 63.9 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 65.3 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 64.9 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 62.8 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Life expectancy - female
| 2005 | 72.0 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 71.7 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 71.3 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 72.1 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 71.8 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 70.3 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Infant mortality
| 2007 | 16 per 1,000 live births | U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009 |
| 2006 | 16 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008 |
| 2005 | 14 per 1,000 live births | U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007 |
| 2004 | 23 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006 |
| 2003 | 26 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 27 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 27 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 27 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
| 2007 | 18 per 1,000 live births | U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009 |
| 2006 | 19 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008 |
| 2005 | 16 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007 |
| 2004 | 28 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006 |
| 2000 | 33 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Births attended by skilled personnel
| 1997-2005 | 100 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 1996-2004 | 99 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 1995-2003 | 99 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1995-2002 | 99 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1995-2001 | 99 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 1995-2000 | 99 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Maternal mortality
| 2005 | 22 per 100,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2000 | 36 per 100,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
Human development index (HDI rank)
| 2005 | 111 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 114 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 115 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 113 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 108 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 105 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
| 2000-2007 | 4 percent | U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009 |
| 2000-2006 | 4 percent | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008 |
| 1996-2005 | 4 percent | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007 |
| 1996-2004 | 3 percent | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006 |
| 1995-2003 | 3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1995-2002 | 3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1995-2001 | 3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 1995-2000 | 3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Percentage of undernourished population
| 2003-2005 | <5 percent | U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008 |
| 2002-2004average | 11 percent | U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006 |
| 2001-2003average | 11 percent | FAO 2006 |
Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.
Population with access to improved water
| 2006 | 90 percent | UNICEF and WHO 2008 |
| 2004 | 92 percent | UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006 |
| 2002 | 92 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2000 | 92 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
Population with access to improved sanitation
| 2006 | 79 percent | UNICEF and WHO 2008 |
| 2004 | 68 percent | UNICEF and WHO 2006 |
| 2002 | 68 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
Literacy - average
| 2004 | 98.4 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 96.2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 99.0 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 99.0 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 98.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Literacy - male
| 2004 | 99.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 97.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 99.6 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 99.6 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 99.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Literacy - female
| 2004 | 97.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 97.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 98.6 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 98.4 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 98.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Landlines telephones
| 2008 | 294 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2007 | 294 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2006 | 275 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2005 | 247 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2004 | 226 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2003 | 204 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2002 | 182 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2001 | 159 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2000 | 142 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
Cellular telephone subscribers
| 2008 | 666 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2007 | 513 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2006 | 366 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2005 | 290 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2004 | 206 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2003 | 122 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2002 | 85 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2001 | 56 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2000 | 34 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
Internet users
| 2008 | 185 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2007 | 185 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2006 | 174 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2005 | 131 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2004 | 96 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2003 | 68 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2002 | 35 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2001 | 14 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2000 | 12 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)
| 2008 | 109 (joint) | Transparency International 2008 |
| 2007 | 111 (joint) | Transparency International 2007 |
| 2006 | 79 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2005 | 88 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2004 | 114 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2003 | 100 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2002 | 93 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2001 | 63 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2000 | 74 (joint) | Transparency International |
Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
ECONOMY & AID
Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
GNI per capita, Atlas method
The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.
GDP
Annual GDP growth
Annual inflation
Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
3.2 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
26.4 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
| 1990-2005 | No data available percent | |
| 1990-2004 | No data available percent | |
| 1990-2002 | No data available percent | |
| 1990-2001 | 22.0 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
GNI per capita, Atlas method
| 2007 | 1210 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2006 | 1080 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2005 | 940 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2004 | 720 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2003 | 570 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2002 | 460 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2001 | 400 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2000 | 370 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.
GDP
| 2007 | 4.4 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2006 | 3.4 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2005 | 3.0 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2004 | 2.6 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2003 | 2.0 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2002 | 1.7 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2001 | 1.5 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2000 | 1.3 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
Annual GDP growth
| 2006 | 4.0 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2005 | 7.5 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2004 | 7.4 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2003 | 6.6 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2002 | 7.8 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2001 | 6.1 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2000 | 2.1 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
Annual inflation
| 2007 | 15.8 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2006 | 13.4 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2005 | 9.3 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2004 | 8.0 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2003 | 14.9 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2002 | 9.8 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2001 | 12.1 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2000 | 27.3 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
3.2 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
26.4 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
HEALTH
Physicians
Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
Malaria
No risk
Source: WHO
TB cases
| 2000-2004 | 264 per 100,000 people | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 1990-2004 | 264 per 100,000 people | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 1990-2003 | 271 per 100,000 people | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1990-2002 | 325 per 100,000 people | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
| 2007 | 0.4 percent | U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008 |
| 2006 | 0.3 percent | U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008 |
| 2005 | 0.2 percent | U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008 |
| 2004 | 0.2 percent | U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008 |
| 2003 | 0.1 percent | U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008 |
Malaria
No risk
Source: WHO
TB cases
| 2007 | 141 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2006 | 140 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2005 | 140 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2004 | 139 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2003 | 139 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2002 | 140 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2001 | 141 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2000 | 138 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
CONFLICT & MIGRATION
Number of refugees originating here
Number of refugees residing here
Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
Landmine casualties per year
Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report
Percentage of GDP spent on military
Percentage of GDP spent on education
Percentage of GDP spent on health
| 2008 | 5555 | UNHCR |
| 2007 | 4918 | UNHCR |
| 2006 | 11680 | Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) |
| 2005 | 12063 | UNHCR |
| 2004 | 11937 | UNHCR |
| 2003 | 11146 | UNHCR |
| 2002 | 10130 | UNHCR |
| 2001 | 3737 | UNHCR |
| 2000 | 2657 | UNHCR |
Number of refugees residing here
| 2008 | 148 | UNHCR |
| 2007 | 151 | UNHCR |
| 2006 | 161 | UNHCR |
| 2005 | 84 | UNHCR |
| 2004 | 57 | UNHCR |
| 2003 | 102 | UNHCR |
| 2002 | 173 | UNHCR |
| 2001 | 159 | UNHCR |
| 2000 | 68 | UNHCR |
Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
| No data available | |||
Landmine casualties per year
| 2007 | 0 | Landmine Monitor Report 2008 |
| 2006 | 1 | Landmine Monitor Report 2008 |
| 2004 | No data available | Landmine Monitor Report 2005 |
| 2003 | 0 | Landmine Monitor Report 2004 |
Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report
Percentage of GDP spent on military
| 2005 | 0.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 0.4 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 0.4 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
Percentage of GDP spent on education
| 2002-2005 | 4.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2002-2004 | 4.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2000-2002 | 4.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1999-2001 | 4.0 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1998-2000 | 4.0 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
Percentage of GDP spent on health
| 2004 | 4.2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2003-2004 | 3.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2002 | 4.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2001 | 2.8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2000 | 2.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
• Protecting the Most Vulnerable
CRS - USA
• Public Health Promoter – Humanitarian Support Professional (HSP) (Oxfam GB)
Oxfam GB - UK
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