Rwanda legacy
Last reviewed: 13-11-2008
Rwanda
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BASIC FACTS
Capital
Kigali
Language
Kinyarwanda, English and French (all official)
Source: New Internationalist World Guide
Area size
24670 sq. km
Area comparison
Slightly smaller than the Netherlands
Population
| 2009 | 10.0 million | U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009) |
| 2007 | 9.4 million | U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006) |
| 2006 | 9.3 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2005 | 9.2 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2004 | 9.1 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2003 | 8.9 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2002 | 8.8 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2001 | 8.5 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2000 | 8.2 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
Future population estimates
22.1 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)
PEOPLE
Language
Kinyarwanda, English and French (all official)
Source: New Internationalist World Guide
Population
Future population estimates
22.1 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)
Ethnic groups
Hutu 84 percent, Tutsi 15 percent, Twa 1 percent
Source: NI World Guide
Religion
The majority of the population practises traditional African religions (69 percent). There are also Catholics (20 percent), Protestants (10 percent) and Muslims (1 percent).
Source: NI World Guide
Percentage urban population
Year women granted right to vote
1961
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.
Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2006)
Percentage of population under 15
Kinyarwanda, English and French (all official)
Source: New Internationalist World Guide
Population
| 2009 | 10.0 million | U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009) |
| 2007 | 9.4 million | U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006) |
| 2006 | 9.3 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2005 | 9.2 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2004 | 9.1 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2003 | 8.9 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2002 | 8.8 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2001 | 8.5 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2000 | 8.2 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
Future population estimates
22.1 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)
Ethnic groups
Hutu 84 percent, Tutsi 15 percent, Twa 1 percent
Source: NI World Guide
Religion
The majority of the population practises traditional African religions (69 percent). There are also Catholics (20 percent), Protestants (10 percent) and Muslims (1 percent).
Source: NI World Guide
Percentage urban population
| 2007 | 21.1 percent | U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005 |
| 2006 | 20.2 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2005 | 19.3 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2004 | 18.5 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2003 | 17.6 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2002 | 16.7 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2001 | 15.2 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2000 | 13.8 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
Year women granted right to vote
1961
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.
Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2006)
Percentage of population under 15
| 2005 | 43.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 44.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 44.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 45.2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 45.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 44.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
USEFUL INFORMATION
Time zone
GMT +2
Climate description
Rainy seasons from February to May and October to November, dry season from June to September.
Currency
Rwanda franc
Telephone dialling code
(+) 250
Driving (left/right)
Right
GMT +2
Climate description
Rainy seasons from February to May and October to November, dry season from June to September.
Currency
Rwanda franc
Telephone dialling code
(+) 250
Driving (left/right)
Right
STANDARD OF LIVING
Average life expectancy
Life expectancy - male
Life expectancy - female
Infant mortality
Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
Births attended by skilled personnel
Maternal mortality
Human development index (HDI rank)
Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
Percentage of undernourished population
Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.
Population with access to improved water
Population with access to improved sanitation
Literacy - average
Literacy - male
Literacy - female
Landlines telephones
Cellular telephone subscribers
Internet users
Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)
Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
No (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
| 2005 | 45.2 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 44.2 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 43.9 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 38.9 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 38.2 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 40.2 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Life expectancy - male
| 2005 | 43.6 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 42.6 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 42.1 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 38.4 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 37.6 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 39.4 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Life expectancy - female
| 2005 | 46.7 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 45.8 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 45.6 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 39.4 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 38.7 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 40.9 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Infant mortality
| 2007 | 109 per 1,000 live births | U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009 |
| 2006 | 98 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008 |
| 2005 | 118 per 1,000 live births | U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007 |
| 2004 | 118 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006 |
| 2003 | 118 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 96 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 96 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 100 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
| 2007 | 181 per 1,000 live births | U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009 |
| 2006 | 160 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008 |
| 2005 | 203 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007 |
| 2004 | 203 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006 |
| 2003 | 203 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 183 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 183 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 187 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Births attended by skilled personnel
| 1997-2005 | 39 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 1996-2004 | 31 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 1995-2003 | 31 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1995-2002 | 31 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1995-2001 | 31 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 1995-2000 | 31 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Maternal mortality
| 2005 | 1300 per 100,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2000 | 1400 per 100,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
Human development index (HDI rank)
| 2005 | 161 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 158 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 159 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 159 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 158 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 162 | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
| 2000-2007 | 23 percent | U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009 |
| 2000-2006 | 23 percent | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008 |
| 1996-2005 | 23 percent | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007 |
| 1996-2004 | 27 percent | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006 |
| 1995-2003 | 27 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1995-2002 | 27 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1995-2001 | 24 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 1995-2000 | 29 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Percentage of undernourished population
| 2003-2005 | 40 percent | U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008 |
| 2002-2004average | 33 percent | U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006 |
| 2001-2003average | 36 percent | FAO 2006 |
Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.
Population with access to improved water
| 2006 | 65 percent | UNICEF and WHO 2008 |
| 2004 | 74 percent | UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006 |
| 2002 | 73 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2000 | 41 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
Population with access to improved sanitation
| 2006 | 23 percent | UNICEF and WHO 2008 |
| 2004 | 42 percent | UNICEF and WHO 2006 |
| 2002 | 41 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2000 | 8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
Literacy - average
| 2004 | 64.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 64.0 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 69.2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 68.0 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 66.8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Literacy - male
| 2004 | 71.4 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 70.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 75.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 74.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 73.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Literacy - female
| 2004 | 59.8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 58.8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 63.4 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 61.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 60.2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Landlines telephones
| 2008 | 2 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2007 | 2 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2006 | 3 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2005 | 3 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2004 | 3 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2003 | 3 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2002 | 3 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2001 | 3 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2000 | 2 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
Cellular telephone subscribers
| 2008 | 136 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2007 | 67 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2006 | 34 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2005 | 25 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2004 | 16 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2003 | 15 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2002 | 10 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2001 | 8 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2000 | 5 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
Internet users
| 2008 | 30 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2007 | 21 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2006 | 11 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2005 | 6 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2004 | 4 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2003 | 4 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2002 | 3 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2001 | 2 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
| 2000 | 0.6 per 1,000 people | ITU 2009 |
Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)
| 2008 | 102 (joint) | Transparency International 2008 |
| 2007 | 111 (joint) | Transparency International 2007 |
| 2006 | 121 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2005 | 83 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2004 | Not ranked | |
| 2003 | Not ranked | |
| 2002 | Not ranked | Transparency International |
| 2001 | Not ranked | |
| 2000 | Not ranked |
Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
No (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
ECONOMY & AID
Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
GNI per capita, Atlas method
The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.
GDP
Annual GDP growth
Annual inflation
Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.1 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
38.2 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
| 1990-2005 | 60.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 1990-2004 | 51.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 1990-2003 | 51.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1990-2002 | 35.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1990-2001 | No data available percent |
GNI per capita, Atlas method
| 2007 | 320 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2006 | 280 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2005 | 250 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2004 | 210 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2003 | 200 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2002 | 210 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2001 | 220 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2000 | 240 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.
GDP
| 2007 | 3.3 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2006 | 2.9 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2005 | 2.4 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2004 | 2.0 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2003 | 1.8 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2002 | 1.6 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2001 | 1.7 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2000 | 1.7 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
Annual GDP growth
| 2006 | 5.3 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2005 | 6.0 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2004 | 4.0 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2003 | 0.9 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2002 | 9.4 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2001 | 6.7 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
| 2000 | 6.0 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008 |
Annual inflation
| 2007 | 8.9 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2006 | 13.1 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2005 | 8.9 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2004 | 13.1 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2003 | 21.9 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2002 | -5.1 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2001 | 1.1 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
| 2000 | -3.0 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009 |
Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.1 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
38.2 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
HEALTH
Physicians
Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum throughout the year in the whole country. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reported.
Source: WHO
TB cases
| 2000-2004 | 5 per 100,000 people | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 1990-2004 | 5 per 100,000 people | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 1990-2003 | 2 per 100,000 people | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1990-2002 | No data available per 100,000 people |
Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
| 2007 | 2.8 percent | U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008 |
| 2006 | 2.9 percent | U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008 |
| 2005 | 3.1 percent | U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008 |
| 2004 | 3.4 percent | U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008 |
| 2003 | 3.7 percent | U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008 |
Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum throughout the year in the whole country. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reported.
Source: WHO
TB cases
| 2007 | 397 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2006 | 408 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2005 | 418 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2004 | 423 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2003 | 419 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2002 | 402 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2001 | 376 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
| 2000 | 348 per 100,000 people | WHO 2009 |
CONFLICT & MIGRATION
Number of refugees originating here
Number of refugees residing here
Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
Landmine casualties per year
Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997 )
Source: Landmine Monitor Report
Percentage of GDP spent on military
Percentage of GDP spent on education
Percentage of GDP spent on health
| 2008 | 72530 | UNHCR |
| 2007 | 80955 | UNHCR |
| 2006 | 92966 | Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) |
| 2005 | 100244 | UNHCR |
| 2004 | 63808 | UNHCR |
| 2003 | 75263 | UNHCR |
| 2002 | 75257 | UNHCR |
| 2001 | 84513 | UNHCR |
| 2000 | 119056 | UNHCR |
Number of refugees residing here
| 2008 | 55062 | UNHCR |
| 2007 | 53577 | UNHCR |
| 2006 | 49192 | UNHCR |
| 2005 | 45206 | UNHCR |
| 2004 | 50221 | UNHCR |
| 2003 | 36608 | UNHCR |
| 2002 | 30863 | UNHCR |
| 2001 | 34786 | UNHCR |
| 2000 | 28398 | UNHCR |
Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
| 2007 | Undetermined | Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008 | |
Landmine casualties per year
| 2007 | 10 | Landmine Monitor Report 2008 |
| 2006 | 15 | Landmine Monitor Report 2008 |
| 2004 | 12 | Landmine Monitor Report 2005 |
| 2003 | 7 | Landmine Monitor Report 2004 |
Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997 )
Source: Landmine Monitor Report
Percentage of GDP spent on military
| 2005 | 2.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2004 | 2.2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 2.8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
Percentage of GDP spent on education
| 2002-2005 | 3.8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2002-2004 | No data available percent | |
| 2000-2002 | 2.8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1999-2001 | 2.8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1998-2000 | 2.8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
Percentage of GDP spent on health
| 2004 | 4.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008 |
| 2003-2004 | 1.6 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2002 | 3.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2001 | 3.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2000 | 2.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
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