June 12 (Reuters) - A four-year-old girl has contracted the bird flu virus in southern Egypt, the World Health Organisation confirmed on its Web site on Tuesday. This new case is the 36th case among humans in the Arab world's most populous country, 15 of which have been fatal. The outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza began in Asia in 2003. Following are some facts about the H5N1 avian flu virus and its spread around the globe. * Since the virus re-emerged in Asia in 2003, outbreaks have been confirmed in around 59 countries and territories, according to data from the World Organisation for Animal Health. * More than 30 countries have reported outbreaks in the past year, in most cases involving wild birds such as swans. * The virus has killed 190 people since 2003, according to thr WHO. Countries with confirmed human deaths are: Azerbaijan, Cambodia, China, Egypt, Indonesia, Iraq, Laos, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. * In total, the virus is known to have infected 312 people since 2003, according to the WHO. Many of the dead are children and young adults. * According to WHO, Vietnam and Indonesia have the highest number of cases, accounting for 121 of the total deaths. * The H5N1 virus is not new to science and was responsible for an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Scotland in 1959. Britain confirmed new cases in birds in Scotland in April 2006 and in eastern England in February 2007. * H5N1 is not the only bird flu virus. There are numerous strains. For example, an outbreak in 2003 of the H7N7 bird flu virus in the Netherlands led to the destruction of more than 30 million birds, around a third of the country's poultry stock. About 2.7 million were destroyed in Belgium and around 400,000 in Germany. In the Netherlands, 89 people were infected with the H7N7 virus, of whom one (a veterinarian) died. * The H5N1 virus made the first known jump into humans in Hong Kong in 1997, infecting 18 people and killing six of them. The government ordered the immediate culling of the territory's entire poultry flock, ending the outbreak. * Symptoms of bird flu in humans have ranged from typical influenza-like symptoms, such as fever, cough, sore throat and muscle aches, to eye inflammations (conjunctivitis), pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, viral pneumonia, and other severe and life-threatening complications. (Sources: OIE, WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
