(For more on Afghanistan, click on [ID:nAFPAK]) Nov 19 (Reuters) - Afghan President Hamid Karzai, battling to rebuild a tarnished reputation, was sworn into office for a second term on Thursday as he faces renewed criticism from Washington over corruption. [ID:nSP491473]. Karzai's inauguration took place against the backdrop of a rising Taliban insurgency, doubts over his legitimacy after an election tainted by fraud and complaints his government is riddled with corruption and mismanagement. Here are the latest key facts and figures about Afghanistan: PROFILE * Afghanistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia which shares borders with Iran, Pakistan, China, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. * Hamid Karzai has led the country since 2001, when U.S.-backed Afghan forces ended the five-year rule of the austere Islamist Taliban movement. * Karzai was first appointed leader of Afghanistan's interim government at the Bonn conference of December 2001 and has been re-elected twice since. * Afghanistan's population is almost 30 million. Life expectancy for both men and women is about 45 years. * Some 42 percent of Afghans are Pashtun and 27 percent are Tajik. Hazaras and Uzbeks each account for 9 percent of Afghans. * There are two national languages, Pashto and Dari. Pashto is the language of the Pashtuns and is spoken exclusively in many parts of the south and east. Dari (a Persian language) is spoken mainly in the north and centre of Afghanistan. * Only 28 percent of Afghans are literate. SECURITY AND VIOLENCE * Violence has escalated as tens of thousands of additional foreign, mainly U.S., troops, have been deployed in response to an escalating Taliban insurgency which has claimed record numbers of military and civilian lives so far in 2009. * About 1,520 foreign troops have been killed in Afghanistan since the war started in November 2001. * The United States has lost 920 troops, Britain 235 and other NATO contributors 365, according to the iCasualties website (www.icasualties.org). * Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are by far the biggest killer of foreign troops. So far in 2009, 407 troops have been killed by home-made, insurgent-laid bombs. * August 2009 was the deadliest month of the war for foreign troops, driven by two major operations to secure parts of restive Helmand province and then the first round of the presidential election on Aug. 20, when hundreds of Taliban attacks took place across the country. October 2009 was the worst month for U.S. troops, with at least 53 killed. * About 800 civilians were killed between January and May this year, a 24 percent increase from the same period in 2009, according to U.N. figures released in June. * More than half of those deaths were caused by insurgents and just over a third by international and Afghan forces, the United Nations said. INTERNATIONAL FORCES * There are approximately 105,000 foreign troops from 42 countries working under the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), which was established in December 2001. * The United States has by far the most troops in Afghanistan with 65,000 in total. About half work under the ISAF mandate, the remainder under the Pentagon's Operation Enduring Freedom, which also has a mandate to support ISAF. * Britain, with 9,000 troops, is the second largest ISAF contributor, followed by Germany with 4,050 and France with 3,160, according to the most recent NATO figures from October. * U.S. President Barack Obama is considering sending tens of thousands more U.S. troops to Afghanistan, on the advice of the commander of foreign forces in Afghanistan, U.S. Army General Stanley McChrystal. ECONOMY * According to the United Nations Human Development rankings for 2009, Afghanistan is ranked 181st out of 182 countries. * Devastated by 30 years of conflict, Afghanistan's economy is dependent on foreign aid. Some 90 percent of the Afghan government budget comes from international donors. * In 2007, about $288 million of foreign direct investment flowed into Afghanistan, according to the World Bank. * Some analysts say Afghanistan's economic growth has also been stunted by high levels of corruption which prevents donor aid from reaching ordinary Afghans. * Afghanistan is ranked 176th out of 180 countries on Transparency International's corruption perceptions index. DRUGS * Afghanistan produces 92 percent of the world's opium, a thick paste from poppy used to make heroin, according to the latest U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime report. * Helmand province in southern Afghanistan produces 90 percent of Afghanistan's opium poppy crop. * About two thirds of the opium is turned into heroin before it leaves Afghanistan and goes on to feed some 15 million addicts, mainly in Russia, Iran and Europe. * Opium cultivation in Afghanistan is directly linked to the Taliban insurgency. Since 2005, the Taliban have made up to $160 million a year from taxing cultivation and trade of the crop in Afghanistan. Sources: NATO, U.S. Forces, U.N., World Bank, iCasualties.org; CIA World Fact Book, Transparency International (Compiled by Golnar Motevalli; Editing by Nick Macfie) (For more Reuters coverage of Afghanistan and Pakistan, see: http://www.reuters.com/news/globalcoverage/afghanistanpakistan)
Policemen block anti-war activists trying to hold their news conference demanding not to send South Korean troops to Afghanistan again, near the presidential Blue House in Seoul November 19, 2009, where ...
